Confocal Microscope Resolution Calculator

Resolution Formula:

\[ \text{Resolution} = 0.61 \times \frac{\lambda}{NA} \]

Resolution:

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1. What is Confocal Microscope Resolution?

The lateral resolution of a confocal microscope determines the smallest distance between two points that can still be distinguished as separate entities. It's a key parameter in optical microscopy that affects image quality and detail.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the resolution formula:

\[ \text{Resolution} = 0.61 \times \frac{\lambda}{NA} \]

Where:

\( \lambda \) — Wavelength of light (μm)
\( NA \) — Numerical aperture of the objective lens (unitless)
0.61 — Empirical coefficient for lateral resolution

Explanation: The resolution is directly proportional to the wavelength and inversely proportional to the numerical aperture. Higher NA objectives provide better resolution.

3. Importance of Resolution Calculation

Details: Understanding the resolution limit helps in selecting appropriate microscope settings, interpreting images correctly, and determining if a microscope can resolve the structures of interest.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter the wavelength in micrometers (μm) and the numerical aperture (a dimensionless number typically between 0.1 and 1.4). Both values must be positive numbers.

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What affects confocal microscope resolution?
A: Resolution depends primarily on the wavelength of light used and the numerical aperture of the objective lens.

Q2: How can I improve resolution?
A: Use shorter wavelength light, higher NA objectives, or immersion oil to increase the effective NA.

Q3: What's the difference between lateral and axial resolution?
A: Lateral resolution is in the x-y plane, while axial resolution is along the z-axis (depth). Axial resolution is typically 2-3 times worse than lateral.

Q4: Does pinhole size affect resolution?
A: Pinhole size mainly affects optical sectioning and signal-to-noise ratio, with minimal effect on lateral resolution when properly adjusted.

Q5: What's the practical resolution limit for visible light microscopy?
A: About 200 nm laterally and 500 nm axially with optimal conditions (short wavelength, high NA, immersion oil).