1. What is the Gail Model?

The Gail Model is a statistical tool that estimates a woman's risk of developing invasive breast cancer within the next five years and up to age 90. It considers age, reproductive history, family history, and prior breast biopsies.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the Gail Model equation:

Where:

• Age — Current age in years
• Family History — Number of first-degree relatives with breast cancer
• Biopsies — Number of previous breast biopsies
• Age at Menarche — Age when periods began

Explanation: The model calculates risk based on known risk factors for breast cancer, with different weights assigned to each factor.

3. Importance of Breast Cancer Risk Assessment

Details: Risk assessment helps identify women who may benefit from increased surveillance, risk-reducing medications, or lifestyle changes to lower their breast cancer risk.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter your current age, family history of breast cancer, number of previous breast biopsies, and age at first period. All values must be valid (age 20-90, menarche age 8-20).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Who should use the Gail Model?
A: The model is designed for women aged 35+ without a personal history of breast cancer, DCIS, or LCIS.

Q2: What is considered high risk?
A: Generally, 5-year risk ≥1.67% is considered high enough to discuss risk-reduction options.

Q3: Does the model account for BRCA mutations?
A: No, the Gail Model does not incorporate genetic testing results. Women with known BRCA mutations should consult a genetic counselor.

Q4: How accurate is the Gail Model?
A: It's reasonably accurate for groups of women but less precise for individuals. Other factors like breast density and lifestyle aren't included.

Q5: Should this replace regular mammograms?
A: No, this is a risk assessment tool only. Follow your doctor's recommendations for screening.