1. What is the Dilution Formula?

The dilution formula (C1V1 = C2V2) describes the relationship between concentrations and volumes before and after a dilution. It's a fundamental equation in chemistry for preparing solutions of desired concentrations.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the dilution equation:

Where:

• \( C_1 \) — Initial concentration (mol/L)
• \( V_1 \) — Initial volume (L)
• \( C_2 \) — Final concentration (mol/L)
• \( V_2 \) — Final volume (L)

Explanation: The equation maintains the conservation of mass principle, where the amount of solute remains constant before and after dilution.

3. Importance of Dilution Calculations

Details: Accurate dilution calculations are essential for preparing standard solutions, performing titrations, and conducting experiments with precise concentrations in chemistry and biology laboratories.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter all three known values (C1, V1, C2) in their respective units. All values must be positive numbers. The calculator will compute the unknown volume (V2).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: Can I use different concentration units?
A: Yes, but all concentrations must be in the same units (e.g., all in mol/L or all in M).

Q2: What if I need to calculate a different variable?
A: The equation can be rearranged to solve for any variable: C1 = (C2×V2)/V1, V1 = (C2×V2)/C1, or C2 = (C1×V1)/V2.

Q3: Does this work for serial dilutions?
A: For serial dilutions, you need to apply the formula sequentially for each dilution step.

Q4: What are common mistakes when using this formula?
A: Common mistakes include using inconsistent units, forgetting to account for stock solution purity, and not considering temperature effects on concentration.

Q5: How precise should my measurements be?
A: Precision depends on your application. Analytical work typically requires 4 significant figures, while educational experiments may only need 2.