1. What is Pipeline Velocity?

Pipeline velocity is the speed at which fluid flows through a pipe or conduit. It's calculated by dividing the volumetric flow rate by the cross-sectional area of the pipe.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental equation:

Where:

• \( Velocity \) — Flow speed (m/s)
• \( Flow \) — Volumetric flow rate (m³/s)
• \( Area \) — Cross-sectional area of pipe (m²)

Explanation: The equation shows that velocity increases with higher flow rates or smaller pipe diameters.

3. Importance of Velocity Calculation

Details: Knowing flow velocity is essential for proper pipe sizing, avoiding erosion, ensuring adequate flow, and maintaining system efficiency.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter flow in m³/s and area in m². Both values must be positive numbers. For circular pipes, area = π × (diameter/2)².

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's a typical pipeline velocity?
A: For water systems, 1-3 m/s is common. Higher velocities may cause erosion, while lower velocities may allow sedimentation.

Q2: How does pipe diameter affect velocity?
A: For a given flow rate, velocity increases as pipe diameter decreases (inverse square relationship).

Q3: What units should I use?
A: The calculator uses SI units (m³/s and m²), but you can convert from other units before entering values.

Q4: Does fluid density affect velocity?
A: No, the basic velocity calculation is independent of density, though density affects pressure drop.

Q5: How accurate is this calculation?
A: It gives theoretical maximum velocity. Real systems may have slightly lower velocities due to friction and turbulence.