1. What is Strain?

Strain (ε) is a measure of deformation representing the displacement between particles in a material body relative to a reference length. It is a dimensionless quantity calculated as the ratio of stress to Young's modulus.

2. How Does the Calculator Work?

The calculator uses the fundamental strain formula:

Where:

• \( \varepsilon \) — Strain (unitless)
• \( \sigma \) — Stress in Pascals (Pa)
• \( E \) — Young's modulus in Pascals (Pa)

Explanation: The formula shows that strain is directly proportional to stress and inversely proportional to the material's stiffness (Young's modulus).

3. Importance of Strain Calculation

Details: Strain calculation is essential in material science and engineering for determining how materials will deform under stress, predicting failure points, and designing structures that can withstand expected loads.

4. Using the Calculator

Tips: Enter stress and Young's modulus in Pascals (Pa). Both values must be positive numbers. The result is dimensionless (no units).

5. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

Q1: What's the difference between stress and strain?
A: Stress is force per unit area (Pa), while strain is the resulting deformation (unitless ratio).

Q2: What are typical Young's modulus values?
A: Steel: ~200 GPa, Aluminum: ~70 GPa, Rubber: ~0.01-0.1 GPa, Bone: ~18 GPa.

Q3: Does this formula work for all materials?
A: Only for materials obeying Hooke's Law in the elastic deformation region.

Q4: What is the elastic limit?
A: The maximum stress a material can withstand without permanent deformation.

Q5: How does temperature affect strain?
A: Higher temperatures typically reduce Young's modulus, increasing strain for a given stress.